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• Title: Electoral Justice for Aboriginal People in Canada.
• Author : McGill Law Journal
• Release Date : January 01, 2001
• Genre: Law,Books,Professional & Technical,
• Pages : * pages
• Size : 375 KB

Description

This article argues that legislative action is required to redress the chronic under-representation of Aboriginal people in Parliament. After drawing on the existing scholarship and attempts in the United States and New Zealand to modify electoral systems to improve minority group representation, the author advocates the creation of guaranteed electoral districts for Canada's Aboriginal peoples. Significant benefits would result, particularly the achievement of policy results that would better reflect Aboriginal values and goals. He responds to the principal critiques of Aboriginal electoral districts, that (1) the anticipated benefits would not occur, (2) Aboriginal electoral districts are inconsistent with Canada's individualist political culture, and (3) guaranteed representation is incompatible with Aboriginal self-government. In considering the constitutionality of the proposal, he notes the American experience of affirmative districting struck down by courts. Due to constitutional and jurisprudential differences, however, guaranteed Aboriginal representation would be constitutional in Canada; specifically, potential challenges under sections 3 and 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms would fail. Finally, he addresses the possibility that Parliament could be constitutionally compelled to enact legislation creating guaranteed Aboriginal representation, particularly by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 and sections 3 and 15 of the Charter, and canvasses appropriate remedies. He concludes that Canada will have failed to live up to the promise of democracy until Canada's Aboriginal peoples obtain more effective representation in Parliament. L'auteur soutient qu'une action legislative est necessaire afin de remedier a la sous-representation parlementaire chronique des peuples autochtones. Apres consideration des etudes anterieures et des tentatives de modifier les systemes electoraux pour ameliorer la representation des minorites aux Etats-Unis et en Nouvelle-Zelande, l'auteur suggere la creation de circonscriptions electorales garanties aux peuples autochtones canadiens. Parmi les avantages d'une telle formule, on retrouverait en particulier l'atteinte d'objectifs politiques refletant davantage les interets et les valeurs autochtones. Selon l'auteur, les principaux arguments contre une telle proposition--soit que les avantages recherches ne seraient pas atteints, que les circonscriptions autochtones sont incompatibles avec la culture politique individualiste canadienne, et que la representation garantie est incompatible avec l'autonomie gouvernementale autochtone--ne sont pas fondes. D'autre part, bien que les cours americaines aient declare inconstitutionnelles certaines tentatives similaires, la representation autochtone garantie serait valide dans le contexte constitutionnel et jurisprudentiel canadien. En particutier, selon l'auteur, des contestations potentielles en vertu des articles 3 et 15 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertes echoueraient. Finalement, il est possible que le parlement canadien ait l'obligation constitutionnelle de garantir la representation autochtone, en vertu de l'article 35 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 et des articles 3 et 15 de la Charte ; l'auteur fait etat des reparations pertinentes, le cas echeant. Quoi qu'il en soit, le Canada continuera a echouer a realiser l'objectif democratique jusqu'a ce que ses peuples autochtones obtiennent une representation parlementaire plus effective.

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